Major
The reference point. Bright, resolved, and the ruler every other scale gets measured against.
Key of C
C
C♯D♭
D
D♯E♭
E
F
F♯G♭
G
G♯A♭
A
A♯B♭
B
C Major
Minor
Same seven degrees, lowered where it counts. Where most rock and metal actually lives.
Pentatonic
Five notes, nothing to trip over. The backbone of blues and rock lead playing.
